Motives for Suicide Attempts--the Views of the Patients

This study was designed to investigate the motives patients give for attempting suicide and the associations between these motives and diagnosis, various psychiatric features, suicidal intent and socio-demographic characteristics. The Motives for Parasuicide Questionnaire (MPQ), comprising 14 suggested motives, was presented to 53 patients at a psychiatric ward that specialized in suicide attempters. Escape motives were very common, whereas interpersonal motives were rare. Patients with substance abuse, anxiety, or personality disorders more often chose communicating motives and mentioned higher numbers of motives than those with mood or adjustment disorders. Hopelessness was positively associated with a stated wish to die and with escape motives, and negatively correlated to communicating/unclear motives. Suicidal intent was related to some motives. The psychiatric disorder or mental state seems to be more important than socio-demographic characteristics for the choice of motives. Further studies are required to investigate the associations between psychiatric features and motives, as well as the clinical usefulness of such assessments.     

Values as Moderators of the Association between Interpersonal-Psychological Constructs and Suicidal Ideation among Veterans

This study examined whether valuing relationships, achievement, and security moderated the association between interpersonal-psychological constructs (Joiner, 2005 Joiner, T. E. Jr. (2005). Why people die by suicide. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]) and suicidal ideation (SI). A total of 122 veterans completed the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, Survey of Life Principles, and Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation. Valuing relationships moderated the association between thwarted belongingness and SI. Specifically, thwarted belongingness predicted SI among veterans who reported moderate and high, but not low, levels of valuing relationships. The estimated impact of perceived burdensomeness on SI was stronger at higher levels of valuing relationships, but only approached statistical significance. Valuing achievement and security did not moderate the association between perceived burdensomeness and SI. Future research should continue to examine specific values as they relate to interpersonal-psychological constructs and suicidal behavior.     

Borderline Personality Disorder Diagnostic Criteria as Risk Factors for Suicidal Behavior Through the Lens of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide

Borderline personality disorder diagnostic criteria, particularly affective dysregulation and behavioral dysregulation, are avenues through which suicide risk is conferred, though pathways are not well understood. The interpersonal theory of suicide may help elucidate these associations. The current study examined indirect relationships between affective and behavioral dysregulation and suicidal ideation through perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and the acquired capability for suicide. 169 outpatients completed measures prior to their intake assessment. Perceived burdensomeness accounted for the relationship between affective dysregulation and suicidal ideation. The acquired capability did not explain the association between behavioral dysregulation and suicide attempt history. Affective and behavioral dysregulation may be key targets in treatment for reducing suicide risk.     

Quantitative Methods in Suicide Research: Issues Associated With Official Statistics

A practical and basic discussion of the nature and use of official statistics reveals strengths, weaknesses, and limitations of such data in understanding and describing deaths by suicide. Specific sources of official data are noted as well. Finally, the complementary nature of quantitative (as represented in official statistics) and qualitative research methodologies is briefly discussed.     

Suicidal ideation and behavior in institutions of higher learning: A latent class analysis

Suicide is the second leading cause of death among undergraduate students, with an annual rate of 7.5 per 100,000. Suicidal behavior (SB) is complex and heterogeneous, which might be explained by there being multiple etiologies of SB. Data-driven identification of distinct at-risk subgroups among undergraduates would bolster this argument. We conducted a latent class analysis (LCA) on survey data from a large convenience sample of undergraduates to identify subgroups, and validated the resulting latent class model on a sample of graduate students. Data were collected through the Interactive Screening Program deployed by the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention. LCA identified 6 subgroups from the undergraduate sample (N = 5654). In the group with the most students reporting current suicidal thoughts (N = 623, 66% suicidal), 22.5% reported a prior suicide attempt, and 97.6% endorsed moderately severe or worse depressive symptoms. Notably, LCA identified a second at-risk group (N = 662, 27% suicidal), in which only 1.5% of respondents noted moderately severe or worse depressive symptoms. When graduate students (N = 1138) were classified using the model, a similar frequency distribution of groups was found. Finding multiple replicable groups at-risk for suicidal behavior, each with a distinct prevalence of risk factors, including a group of students who would not be classified as high risk with depression-based screening, is consistent with previous studies that identified multiple potential etiologies of SB.     

长三角地区“双一流”高校大学生遭受虐待经历与自杀意念的关系

目的 了解长三角地区双一流高校大学生儿童期遭受虐待经历与自杀意念之间的关系，为双一流高校大学生身心健康发展提供帮助。方法 在长三角地区的三省一市选取8所双一流高校的2412名大学生进行虐待经历和自杀意念的问卷调查，并对结果进行〖XC小五号.EPS;P〗检验、logistic回归分析。结果 双一流高校大学生儿童时期遭受1种及以上虐待经历的人数占43.99%。其中躯体虐待、情感虐待、性虐待、躯体忽视、情感忽视的比例分别为12.11%、6.67%、17.21%、36.40%和21.43%。大学生自杀意念报告率为3.94%。情感忽视（OR=2.08）、躯体忽视（OR=2.19）与大学生自杀意念存在正相关（P值均＜0.01）。结论 大学生在儿童期遭受躯体和情感忽视与自杀意念相关，预防儿童期虐待经历有助于预防大学阶段产生自杀意念。     

Clinical characteristics and functions of non-suicide self-injury in youth

PurposeLittle is known about the clinical characteristics and motivations for engaging in non-suicide self-injury (NSSI) behaviors in adolescence. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence, characteristics and functions of NSSI among adolescents in community settings, and to explore risk factors related to this behavior.Subjects and methodsTwo hundred and seventy-five adolescents aged 12 to 17 were recruited randomly from different High Schools in Israel. They completed self-report questionnaires assessing NSSI (Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory), depression (Children's Depression Inventory – CDI) and impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale – BIS-II).ResultsIn the past year, 20.7% of the participants reported engaging NSSI at least once. Among them, 42.1% declared they are still engaging in NSSI at the present. Motives for NSSI were internal emotion regulation reasons, external emotion regulation reasons for social influences. In addition, the NSSI group reported significantly higher levels of depressive, impulsivity and suicidal ideations. Depressive symptoms were found as significant predictors of NSSI in the future.Discussion and conclusionsHigh rates of NSSI among community adolescents were found. Depression, impulsivity and suicidal ideation were found significantly related to NSSI. Mental health professionals in schools and in primary care should routinely assess NSSI among adolescents.